D
Some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.
Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels.
More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates (激活) conflict and defense mechanisms (机制). You assume that situations are worse than they actually are.
When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body’s production of oxytocin, a feel-good that increases your ability to communicate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.
We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you’re having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what’s going right.
Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses.
32. The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph1probablymeans .
A.stop listening B. change mind C. be crazy D. sing aloud
33. What will happen if you experience negative emotions?
A. The situations are to become worse. B. Much of your thinking will be prevented.
C.You will feel an urge to become better. D. You’ll avoid conflicts with people.
34. What can we learn from Paragraph4?
A.Everybody needs a negative feeling.
B. Positive interactions have greater effects.
C. Our talk should center on improvements.
D. The effect of negative feelings lasts longer.
35. What is the best title for the passage?
A.More Positive Interactions
B. Harmful Negatives
C. How to Be aProductive Manager
D. Less Time on Strengths
