B
(2018·浙江，C)
Asculturalsymbolsgo，
theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago，withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(装配线)
onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.
ModernAmericawasbornontheroad，
behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture：
theroadsidediner，thebillboard，themotel，
eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury，
thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel，theroadmovie，thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas，
bornofabundantpetrol，cheapcarsandaneverendinginterstatehighwaysystem，
thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.
In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage”．Sincethen，thissocietyhasmovedonward，
neverlookingback，asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm
basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.
ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.
Theproblemsofexcessive(过度的) energyconsumption，
climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL．Friedman.Hefearstheworst，buthopesforthebest.
Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济) isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign，buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater，cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”
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语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。
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53．WhyishamburgermentionedinParagraph2?
A．ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.
B．ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.
C．TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.
D．TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句
“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture...eventhehamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。
54．WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?
A．Declineofeconomy.
B．Environmentalproblems.
C．Ashortageofoilsupply.
D．Afarmbasedsociety.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句
“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。
55．WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?
A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济) isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。
