A
People You' ve Never Heard of Who Changed the World
It is a fact that most people live their lives unremarked by history. Whether by design or by accident , there are some pioneers whose achievements changed the course of history but whose names are unknown to us.
James Harrison
James Harrison has saved the lives of over two million people by donating his blood l,173 times, a Guinness world record. His blood produces a rare antibody (抗体) which cures the otherwise deadly Rhesus disease in unborn children. It has also been used in the development of a medicine anti - D, which will cure the Rhesus disease in children forever.
Lewis Latimer
After helping Alexander Graham Bell obtain his patent for the telephone, Lewis Latimer patented a carbon filament (碳灯丝 ) , which allowed light bulbs to burn for hours before burning out, much more useful than that invented by Thomas Edison. Latimer went on to invent many other useful devices, including a device which cooled and cleaned patients' rooms in hospitals.
Maurice Hilleman
Not all achievements require bravery and self - sacrifice. Take Maurice Hilleman for example. He found another way to change the world. He developed the mumps vaccine (疫苗) after his daughter got the illness. And he didn ' t stop there. In total, he has single - handedly developed over 40 vaccines, including eight commonly given to children. His work has saved millions of lives and prevented serious consequences due to the diseases.
Nils Bohlin
In 1959 Nils Bohlin patented a revolutionary design that has saved millions of lives-the three - point safety belt. After the initial resistance from drivers who hated being told what to do, and even for their own good, the three - point belt has become a standard feature in new cars around the world.
21. Whose patent allowed light bulbs to burn for hours before burning out?
A. Lewis Latimer. B. Alexander Graham Bell.
C. Thomas Edison. D. Nils Bohlin.
22. What' s the similarity between James Harrison and Maurice Hilleman?
A. They both set a Guinness world record.
B. They both had spirits of bravery and self - sacrifice.
C. Their contributions saved the lives of many children.
D. They devoted themselves to work because of familv members.
23. What was drivers' initial attitude to the three - point seat belt?
A. They were content with it. B. They refused to use it.
C. They accepted it calmly. D. They got excited about it.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇人物介绍类说明文。文章介绍了几个不为人所熟知但是却做出巨大贡献的人，他们分别是献血帮助疾病治疗的吉尼斯世界纪录血液捐赠者James Harrison，研发碳灯丝等多项发明的Lewis Latimer，研发40多种疫苗的 Maurice Hilleman和发明三点式安全带的Nils Bohlin。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段After helping Alexander Graham Bell obtain his patent for the telephone Lewis Latimer patented a carbon filament(碳灯丝), which allowed light bulbs to burn for hours before burning out much more useful than that invented by Thomas Edison.可知， Lewis Latimer发明了碳灯丝，这一发明能让电灯泡在熄灭之前持续使用数小时，这相比 Thomas Edison 发明的同类产品要更有效。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。第二段第一句和最后一句都表明James Harrison救了很多人包括儿童，第四段的最后两句表明Maurice Hilleman发明了很多儿童疫苗，拯救了很多儿童的性命，两人的共同点是救了很多儿童。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段After the initial resistance from drivers who hated being told what to do…可知，司机最初对安全带是抵制的，故选B。
【点睛】文章内容较为简单，文章考查到细节理解题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题3中选择项中refused与文中的resistance表达的同一个意思，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。
