一、过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。过去分词(短语)作状语往往可以转化为相应的状语从句或并列句。
(1)表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。
(2)表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Encouraged by the progress he has made (＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made), he works harder.
由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
