Ⅰ.阅读
(2020·“皖豫联盟体”高中毕业班第一次考试)Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back—by eating healthier.
The pull of junk food can be superstrong. It's designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food.
Professor Christopher Bryan says, “Food companies want you to want junk food.” They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food.
Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fitlooking pop stars and smiling, active teens. “We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them，” Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is bad, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain，and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep them healthy when they're older.
After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。
1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To express his doubts about junk food.
B．To promote the idea of healthy eating.
C．To describe the situation of junk food.
D．To introduce the topic for discussion.
答案：D 推理判断题。通读全文内容可以推断，文章第一段中提及那两个问题是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。
2．What remains a great health challenge to doctors?
A．Making people do more exercise.
B．Making people eat healthily.
C．Making people lose weight.
D．Making people prefer junk food.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“It's designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。
3．What message does Paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?
A．What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.
B．What influences junk food can have on consumers.
C．How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.
D．Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.
答案：C 推理判断题。文章第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到“他们(食品公司)花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，聘请科学家制作令人无法抗拒的垃圾食品”，接着还举例说“他们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者，食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。
4．Which of the following words can best describe Bryan's lessons?
A．Shocking. B．Popular.
C．Effective. D．Abstract.
答案：C 推理判断题。文章第四段主要介绍Bryan给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课。根据文章最后一段“After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.”可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都持消极的看法。由此可以推断，Bryan的课是有效的。
【词汇积累】 ①irresistible adj. 极诱人的；忍不住想要的
②feature v. 由……主演 ③matter to 对……重要
【长难句分析】 But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back—by eating healthier.
但是一项新的研究表明，告诉青少年食品公司如何欺骗他们，让他们认为垃圾食品很酷，可以鼓励孩子们通过更健康的饮食进行反击。
分析：这是一个主从复合句。shows后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句；在这个从句中，动名词短语teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool作主语，其中ways后跟一个省略了关系词的定语从句food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool，此定语从句中thinking后又跟一个省略了that的宾语从句。
