A
Most nutrition education isn't very effective. People know that an apple is better than a Snickers bar, but they often eat the Snickers bar anyway. After conducting hundreds of studies on the psychology of how and why we eat, I've seen that it's good to understand nutrition, but it's much better to change your eating environment. Doing so can help you make better choices without even thinking about it.
Part 1
We all know children can be stubbornly habitual in what they want to eat. If kids had French fries yesterday, they want them again today. We came up with a simple way to interrupt this default. Instead of asking kids what they want, what if we ask them about someone they admire?
We studied this with elementary schoolaged children one summer. We treated 22 kids to apple slices or fries at a fastfood restaurant. The first week, 20 of them ordered French fries, and two ordered apple slices. But the next week, we asked, “What would Batman eat apple slices or French fries？”After they answered for Batman, we asked them what they wanted. This time, the number of kids who ordered apple slices jumped from two to ten—almost half of them.
If you ask yourself before deciding between the salad and the cheesy bacon fries, “What would my role model choose？” you'll be a lot less tempted. Thinking about what a wellliked person would do makes us less_indulgent.
Part 2
If we knew what a skinny person's kitchen looked like, we could set up our own kitchens in a similar way. Once we got into people's homes, we took pictures of everything: their dishes, sinks, refrigerator shelves, counters, snacks, petfood dishes, tables, lighting—even random items held up by magnets on their refrigerators. Then we spent eight months coding these kitchens to see what thin people do differently.
We wondered if big kitchens turn us into big people. But it turns out that kitchen size isn't the problem. It's what you see in the kitchen. The average woman who kept potato chips on the counter weighed eight pounds more than her neighbor who didn't. “In sight, in stomach.” We eat what we see, not what we don't.
大多数时候，人们都会选择吃巧克力而不是苹果，虽然他们知道苹果更健康。了解营养固然重要，但更好的是，改变你的饮食环境，这样可以让人更容易做出选择。比如，想吃炸鸡时，想一想你的偶像会吃些什么，你就会克制一点。
21．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “less indulgent”？
A．Selfconfident. B．Selfcontrolled.
C．Selfestimated. D．Selfcentered.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据“you'll be a lot less tempted. Thinking about what a wellliked person would do...”可知，想一下崇拜的偶像会选择吃什么食物，将会让我们变得不再那么经不住诱惑，即更有自制力，故选B项。
22．What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To give advice on how to become slim.
B．To warn people that nutrition education is important for our daily life.
C．To tell us that someone children admire may influence their eating habits.
D．To introduce some innovative ways to help us eat healthier.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but it's much better to change your eating environment. Doing so can help you make better choices without even thinking about it.”和 Part 1 与 Part 2 可知，文章介绍了一些很有创意的方法帮助人们吃得更健康，故选D项。
23．What is the best title for Part 2?
A．The Slim Person's Kitchen
B．How to decorate your Kitchen
C．Kitchen size makes a difference
D．Big kitchens are more popular
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。根据“If we knew what a skinny person's kitchen looked like, we could set up our own kitchens in a similar way”和“‘In sight, in stomach.’ We eat what we see, not what we don't.”可知，厨房的大小与体重无关，有关的是厨房里所放的东西，人们倾向于吃那些他们所看到的食物，而不是心中所想的，因此，想要吃得健康，就要看看健康的人的厨房都放了些什么食物，故选A。
