Ⅰ.完形填空
All our food comes directly or indirectly from soil. The soil which is dark in colour is humus (腐质土). Humus includes plenty of useful materials __1__ from dead plants and waste __2__ from animals. Soil __3__ its food. If we do not __4__ it with any, __5__ will not grow well on it. Animal __6__ is the best food for soil, and chemical __7__ are good, too. A change of crop every year in the same soil will also do __8__.
When soil is too __9__， winds blow it away, and the land will soon look like a __10__. Farmers can prevent this __11__ growing trees. This will weaken the __12__ of the wind. After a heavy rain, the __13__ carries the humus down to the river. This often happens __14__ the fields are on the hillsides. Farmers can level their fields and make them __15__.
At the beginning of the __16__ there have been about 7,000 __17__ people on earth. We now ought to __18__ every bit of the soil. __19__， where will such a large __20__ grow their food?
本文是一篇说明文。怎样才能让我们赖以生存的土壤更好地为我们服务呢？又怎样才能减少土壤的流失呢？本文将给出答案。
1．A.died B．made C．brought D．taken
答案：D
解析：taken from...是过去分词短语作定语，修饰useful materials。
2．A.matter B．gases C．goods D．rubbish
答案：A
解析：waste matter废弃物，这里指“(动物的)粪便”。
3．A.eats B．needs C．feeds D．enjoys
答案：B
解析：土壤“需要”食物，指上文中的dead plants和waste matter from animals。
4．A.give B．produce C．supply D．develop
答案：C
解析：supply...with...“把……提供给……”。
5．A.man B．trees C．plants D．animals
答案：C
解析：直接依靠土壤生存的只有植物，而B项太片面。
6．A.body B．blood C．bone D．waste
答案：D
解析：animal waste“动物粪便”，即上文提到的waste matter。
7．A.poisons B．fertilizers
C．powders D．medicines
答案：B
解析：改良土壤的应该是“化肥(chemical fertilizer)”。poison“毒药，毒物”；powder“粉末”；medicine“药”。只有B项符合语境。
8．A.harm B．good C．help D．favour
答案：B
解析：do good“有益处，有好处”。
9．A.light B．energetic C．dry D．thirsty
答案：C
解析：当土壤太“干燥(dry)”时，风就会把土壤吹走。
10．A.desert B．lake C．valley D．plain
答案：A
解析：因为风把土壤吹走了，所以土地看上去就像“沙漠”。
11．A.from B．by C．off D．with
答案：B
解析：by表示通过某种方式或手段，后接动词ing形式作宾语。
12．A.noise B．blow C．speed D．force
答案：D
解析：通过植树可以减弱风的“力量(force)”，从而防止土壤被风吹走。noise“噪音”；blow“吹”；speed“速度”。
13．A.wind B．farmer C．tree D．water
答案：D
解析：大雨过后，“雨水”会把土壤里的腐质土冲到河里。
14．A.where B．in C．to D．that
答案：A
解析：分析句子可知此处为定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，where表示地点。
15．A.hilllike B．stairlike
C．bottomlike D．gulflike
答案：B
解析：农民可以平整田地，使它们像梯级一样。stairlike“像梯级的”。
16．A.period B．century C．history D．dynasty
答案：B
解析：at the beginning of the century“在本世纪初”，符合语境。
17．A.thousand B．thousands
C．million D．millions
答案：C
解析：thousand, million等与具体数字连用时，不加s，故排除B、D两项，根据常识可知选C。
18．A.affect B．use C．save D．share
答案：C
解析：我们现在应该“节约(save)”每一寸土地。
19．A.Otherwise B．However
C．Therefore D．Though
答案：A
解析：otherwise“否则”，符合句意。
20．A.people B．globe C．population D．number
答案：C
解析：用large修饰population，指人口多。
