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(2020·长沙高二检测)
After disappearing for over 19 years, measles (麻疹) is making a comeback in America. Since January 2019, the disease has infected more than 700 people, mostly small children, and the number seems to be increasing daily.
Measles is an infectious disease that typically begins with a high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. Many people also lose their appetites and feel sleepy. About three to four days after the symptoms start, the person breaks out into a rash (皮疹) that begins on the face at the hairline and then spreads to the neck and the rest of the body.
In healthy people, the recovery, which takes between two to three weeks, starts soon after the rash begins. However, for about 40 percent of patients — mainly kids under the age of five or older adults — the disease often leads to pneumonia (肺炎), which, if left untreated, could result in death.
The recent outbreak is thought to have been caused by travelers picking up the virus in a country where the disease is still existing and exposing it to an unvaccinated (未接种疫苗的) community in the US. In New York, it was carried back by someone who had recently visited Israel, which is currently undergoing a significant measles, while in Washington, “patient zero” was infected by a type that is currently circulating in Europe.
To limit the spread of the disease before it gets out of hand, US health officials are attempting to educate communities with high rates of unvaccinated children. They are also urging adults to consult with their physicians and get injected if considered necessary by the doctor.
Hopefully, health officials worldwide will be able to convince parents that vaccinating their children will protect, not harm, them.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了在美国消失了19年的麻疹又卷土重来, 并解释了麻疹的症状和患病的结果, 并呼吁未接种疫苗的儿童尽早接种疫苗。
1. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The causes of measles.
B. The symptoms of measles.
C. The possible results of measles.
D. The cures for measles.
【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据第三段的主要内容可知, 对于健康的人来说两到三周的时间就可恢复, 但对于40%的患者(主要是5岁以下的儿童或老年人)通常会引起肺炎, 不及时治疗, 可能会导致死亡, 所以本段主要内容是麻疹可能导致的结果。
2. Why did some people develop measles in America?
A. Because it is too hot this year.
B. Because people are too stressed.
C. Because pollution is too serious.
D. Because the virus was taken to America.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段的The recent outbreak is thought to have been caused by travelers picking up the virus in a country where the disease is still existing and exposing it to an unvaccinated community in the US. 可知美国有些人会患上麻疹的原因是最近的疫情被认为是由携带病毒的旅行者引起的。
3. What do we know about measles?
A. It once disappeared in America.
B. It starts with a rash.
C. It is mild to everyone.
D. It is impossible to cure.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段的After disappearing for over 19 years, measles is making a comeback in America. 在消失了19年之后, 麻疹正在美国卷土重来。可知麻疹在美国曾消失过。
4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Health. B. Education.
C. Science. D. Entertainment.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文讲述了在美国消失了19年的麻疹又卷土重来的相关情况。由此推知本文会出现在报纸中的“健康”版块。
