A
The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to clarify the new rules.
The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds of waste: recyclable waste, hazardous (有害的) waste, household food waste and residual (剩余的) waste.
Hazardous waste, as the name suggests, includes assorted poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides.
Household food waste, which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese，refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.
Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.
The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs in this category.
As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own ways to sort trash.
“We should do this from a pig’s angle,” commented one netizen. “Those edible (可食用的) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don’t want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be hazardous waste. Those which can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.” The new regulation has gone into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200.
1. What do the old thrown-away sweaters belong to?
A. Residual waste. B. Hazardous waste.
C. Recyclable waste. D. Household food waste.
2. What does “wet trash” have in common?
A. They are completely wet. B. They all come from plants.
C. They can give off bad smell. D. They can break up easily.
3. What is the tone of the netizen?
A. Humorous. B. Serious.
C. Delightful. D. Uncertain.
4. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Shanghai bans four sorts of garbage.
B. Shanghai launches garbage sorting enforcement.
C. Citizens in Shanghai still question garbage sorting.
D. Citizens in Shanghai welcome the garbage sorting policy.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海执行新的垃圾分类规定，并对垃圾分类给出了官方解释。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段的Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.(纸，塑料，玻璃，铁制品和纺织品都属于可回收垃圾)可知，纺织品属于可回收垃圾，扔掉的旧毛衣属于纺织品，故它是可回收垃圾。C. Recyclable waste. (可回收垃圾)符合以上推测，故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段的Household food waste, which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese，refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.(家庭食物垃圾，中文也叫湿垃圾，是指食物剩余，腐烂的食品，宠物食品，水果皮，中药残余和花等)可推测，湿垃圾有一个共同特征——容易降解。D. They can break up easily.(它们容易降解)符合以上推测，故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的We should do this from a pig’s angle,” commented one netizen. “Those edible (可食用的) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don’t want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be hazardous waste. Those which can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.(一位网友说，我们可以从猪的角度来做这件事，猪可以食用的是家庭食物垃圾；那些猪都不吃的是残余物；如果一头猪吃了什么东西死了，那些东西一定是有害垃圾；那些可以卖掉赚钱卖猪的是可回收垃圾)可以看出该网友很幽默。故选A项。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，其主旨一般在首段或者尾段。根据本文的主要内容，尤其是第一段的The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. (新的垃圾分类规定已定于7月1日在上海生效)和Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to clarify the new rules.(值得庆幸的是，当局已经发布了一份官方指南来澄清这些新规定)可知，本文主要讲述上海执行新的垃圾分类标准。B. Shanghai launches garbage sorting enforcement.(上海实行垃圾分类执法)可以概括本文主旨，故选B项。
【点睛】第4小题考查主旨大意题。说明文和议论文的主旨大意一般体现在首段或者尾段。以本篇为例：
根据文章第一段的The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1.和Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to clarify the new rules.可知，本文主要讲述上海执行新的垃圾分类标准，并且官方对垃圾分类做出了解释。故B. Shanghai launches garbage sorting enforcement.(上海实行垃圾分类执法)可以概括本文主旨。
