一) 动词的时态
语篇导入
朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的时态、语态。
I am Li Fan, chairman of the Students’ union. I am writing①to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our campus: littering and scribbling. It has been making② our school dirty and unpleasant. I always feel③ ashamed whenever I see③ this. It is③ clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about. Last week, the Students’ union held④ a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems. We were having⑤ a heated discussion when our headmaster came④ and joined④ us. After the meeting, the headmaster said④ that the school had made⑥ efforts to improve this situation and more dustbins would be placed⑦ around. Recently, the Students’ Union has set up⑧ specific rules against such behaviour. At the same time, all of us should develop good habits and behave ourselves. We believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become⑨ a more enjoyable place in the near future.
①是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。表示现在正在发生的动作。
②是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。表示从过去开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。
③是一般现在时，结构为：be动词：am/is/are；行为动词：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式。表示现在的状态，还可表现现在经常性或习惯性动作。
④是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用动词的一般过去式形式。表示在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
⑤是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
⑥是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
⑦是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外此处主语 dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。
⑧是现在完成时，结构为：has/have＋过去分词。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。
难点精析
